Treasury is responsible for the management of liquidity risk. Our liquidity risk management framework is designed to identify, measure and manage the liquidity risk position. The underlying policies are reviewed and approved regularly by the board member responsible for Treasury. The policies define the methodology which is applied to the Group.

Our liquidity risk management approach starts at the intraday level (operational liquidity) managing the daily payments queue, forecasting cash flows and factoring in our access to Central Banks. It then covers tactical liquidity risk management dealing with the access to unsecured funding sources and the liquidity characteristics of our asset inventory (asset liquidity). Finally, the strategic perspective comprises the maturity profile of all assets and liabilities (Funding Matrix) on our balance sheet and our issuance strategy.

Our cash-flow based reporting system provides daily liquidity risk information to global and regional management.

Our liquidity position is subject to stress testing and scenario analysis to evaluate the impact of sudden stress events. Our scenarios are based on historic events, case studies of liquidity crises and models using hypothetical events.

Our reporting system tracks cash flows on a daily basis over an 18-month horizon. This system allows management to assess our short-term liquidity position in each location region and globally on a by-currency, by-product and bydivision basis. The system captures all of our cash flows from transactions on our balance sheet, as well as liquidity risks resulting from off-balance sheet transactions. We model products that have no specific contractual maturities using statistical methods to capture the behavior of their cash flows. Liquidity outflow limits (Maximum Cash Outflow Limits), which have been set to limit cumulative global and local cash outflows, are monitored on a daily basis to safeguard our access to liquidity.

Unsecured funding is a finite resource. Total unsecured funding represents the amount of external liabilities which we take from the market irrespective of instrument, currency or tenor. Unsecured funding is measured on a regional basis by currency and aggregated to a global utilization report. The Capital and Risk Committee approves limits to protect our access to unsecured funding at attractive levels.

The asset liquidity component tracks the volume and booking location within our consolidated inventory of unencumbered, liquid assets which we can use to raise liquidity via secured funding transactions. Securities inventories include a wide variety of different securities. As a first step, we segregate illiquid and liquid securities in each inventory. Subsequently we assign liquidity values to different classes of liquid securities.

The liquidity of these assets is an important element in protecting us against short-term liquidity squeezes. In addition, we continue to keep liquidity reserves containing highly liquid securities in major currencies around the world to support our liquidity profile in case of potential deteriorating market conditions. The liquidity reserves have been increased by € 48.0 billion during 2008 and amount to € 57.6 billion as of December 31, 2008. This reserve does not include collateral the bank needs to support its clearing activities in euro, U.S. dollars and other currencies which are held in separate portfolios around the globe.

We use stress testing and scenario analysis to evaluate the impact of sudden stress events on our liquidity position. The scenarios have been based on historic events, such as the 1987 stock market crash, the 1990 U.S. liquidity crunch and the September 2001 terrorist attacks, liquidity crisis case studies and hypothetical events. Also incorporated are new liquidity risk drivers revealed by the financial markets crisis: prolonged term money-market freeze, collateral repudiation, nonfungibility of currencies and stranded syndications. The hypothetical events encompass internal shocks, such as operational risk events and ratings downgrades, as well as external shocks, such as systemic market
risk events, emerging market crises and event shocks. Under each of these scenarios we assume that all maturing loans to customers will need to be rolled over and require funding whereas rollover of liabilities will be partially impaired resulting in a funding gap. We then model the steps we would take to counterbalance the resulting net shortfall in funding. Action steps would include switching from unsecured to secured funding, selling assets and adjusting the price we would pay on liabilities (gap closure).

This analysis is fully integrated in our liquidity risk management framework. We track contractual cash flows per currency and product over an eight-week horizon (which we consider the most critical time span in a liquidity crisis) and apply the relevant stress case to each product. Asset liquidity complements the analysis.

Our stress testing analysis assesses our ability to generate sufficient liquidity under critical conditions and has been a valuable input when defining our target liquidity risk position. The analysis is performed monthly.